"Best" Linuxdistro for RT, DT, Gimp and Gmic?

“Best” is not a good metric, what works for others may not work well for you.

That being said, Ubuntu has PPA’s for most of the software you listed and that’d probably be the router that requires the least effort. That being said, I have Ubuntu Mate 16.04 installed now to try the Hugin PPA, and man it is not stable.

Debian testing will surely not be the way to go, as it has breakage and they’re in the middle of a development cycle.

OpenSUSE Leap may lag a bit behind in having the newest versions, but the OBS that suse provides is a nice option to deliver packages. If you’re comfortable rolling, maybe try Tumbleweed. Suse’s automated testing, OpenQA, seems very compelling.