ART (fork or RawTherapee) has a number of local adjustments, but it is missing for example CIECAM. But it can do multiple areas with individual settings per area for each of: color correction (includes brightness/shadows/midtones which would solve your exposure question), smoothing, local contrast and texture enhancement.
NewLocalLab variant of RawTherapee can do similar stuff.
ART is adding painted masks and has some other improvements, but also a lot of things taken out.
And of course there is DarkTable which allows many things to be applied multiple times but it works rather differently.
https://discuss.pixls.us/search?q=%23software%20tags:art