Yes, the new ones do. Here’s a fairly extreme edit of a raw image from my Nexus 5x that brought really dark areas to light (using Snapseed).
I don’t have the before image to show you, but it was really dark under that cliff. I pushed it too far in the shadows, yes, but the point is that raw capture was the only way I could get details to show.
I would really be happy for some sort of FOSS raw developer on Android. OpenCamera is really a pretty good FOSS camera app that can capture RAW files, and I think a lot can done with the images. Mobile editing really is the most convenient for me, which is why I do a lot of it in Snapseed even though I greatly prefer to use a FOSS solution like darktable, etc.