very interesting topic, i was wondering about this too.
apparently what they call “tetracell” here has been standard for a while now. to tell the truth i don’t really see how this is a great idea. i think the 2x2 (or 3x3) pixel of same colour can be switched to different ISO, so you’ll effectively get like one HDR sample for a single colour out of the whole block. of course you can then go ahead and demosaic as usual, at lower resolution (which means in this case you get an honest resolution that is 6x6 less than the actual pixels, or 3x3 less of what we currently do with bayer).
the superresolution algorithm works by attaching anisotropic gaussians at every sample location, regardless where it comes from (remapped second exposure, bayer, xtrans, whatever). i have some code that does something similar, and indeed it works both with bayer and xtrans, and is surprisingly simple and has okay quality. could probably be extended to work with this layout too very easily. to get the blue information over the image plane without gaps you’d probably want gaussians of at least 6x6 radius here, right?
i see how this may help dynamic range, not so sure about resolution. probably easier to build a CFA with one big absorption filter over 3x3 pixels instead of one with a finer mosaic (say xtrans style), potentially less issues with interference/cross talk.