You can define search pattern including wildcards. Whether this can be successful in your case depends on which file names are to be filtered against which other file names.
My client selected a lot of files in picdrop (tool to select pictures), in lightroom you can simply paste a list of filenames in the search field, so i can work with this collection.
It’s not perfect, but 20240916_00% should bring down the range to 100 images, which you then may narrow down further using select by value:
As well as defining filter criteria using a search pattern, you can also manually choose from a list of values (for the chosen attribute) taken from the currently-matching set of images. Making such a selection will automatically populate the “search pattern” field.