Camera calibration: unexpected result when applying resulting ICC to reference TIFF

You are right, ICC operates on whitebalanced data (like most parts of DCP, too). make-icc must be corrected:

dcamprof make-icc -t acr -W -n 'Nexus 5X-LGE-google profile' 'profile.json' 'profile.icc'

The resulting colors match now but tones are a bit darker than with DNG+DCP.