A Thinkpad X1 carbon extreme or XPS 15 hit all your requirements I believe and are generally known to have pretty good Linux support. You might have to look at refurbished models to get one in your price range though. I have a refurbished X1 carbon myself I’m quite happy with.
A more general recommendation, if you chose a laptop which doesn’t come preinstalled with some flavour of Linux, check to see if it is supported by LVFS. Support means you’ll be able to perform firmware updates without booting into Windows which is a nice quality of life improve imo.